用途场景
规格参数
主要功能
可室内连电脑操作，可野外单机操作
野外长期连续监测多个样品的光合作用变化
可测量荧光诱导曲线、快速光曲线（强大的曲线拟合功能）、淬灭分析、暗驰豫分析
野外数采 MONI-DA 可自动记录数据，利用 microSD 卡存储，利用太阳能或内置电池供电
所有野外部件均为防水设计
一台 MONI-DA 可同时连接 1-7 个测量头（推荐配置 3 或 4 个）
测量参数
Fo, Fm, F, Fo’, Fm’, Fv/Fm, Y(II), qP, qL, qN, NPQ, Y(NPQ), Y(NO), ETR, PAR 和温度等
应用领域
长期连续监测植物的光合作用，或连电脑进行常规调制荧光测量。特别适合于长期生态学定位监测、农林气象预报、指导灌溉决策，构建自动化温室等领域。
选购指南
一，陆地版-离线版（兼具在线功能）
系统组成：数采（陆地版），电脑转接盒，测量头（陆地版），10m 线缆，软件，电脑（标配不含）
注意：MONI-DA 可接 7 个测量头，内存卡外置，方便取出下载数据
|
| MONITORING-PAM 图示 |
二，水下版-离线版（兼具在线功能）
系统组成：数采（水下版），电脑转接盒，测量头（陆地版），10m 线缆，软件，电脑（标配不含）
注意：水下版配置与陆地版近似，只是数采，探头以及所有线缆接口具备防水功能。MONI-DA/S 可接 7 个测量头，内存卡内置，不可取出，用命令下载数据
三，陆地版-在线版
系统组成：电脑转接盒，测量头（陆地版），10m 线缆，软件，电脑（标配不含）
注意：MONI-SET3，可接 3 个测量头，MONI-SET4，可接 4 个测量头
 |
| 多探头示例 |
四，水下版-在线版
系统组成：电脑转接盒，测量头（水下版），10m 线缆（推荐），软件，电脑（标配不含）
注意：MONI-SET3，可接 3 个测量头，MONI-SET4，可接 4 个测量头。水下版配置与陆地版近似，只是探头以及所有线缆接口具备防水功能，但转接盒并不防水。
 |
 |
 |
| MONITORING-PAM 应用及测量结果 |
产地：德国 WALZ
参考文献
数据来源：光合作用文献 Endnote 数据库，更新至 2025 年 9月，文献数量超过 10000 篇
原始数据来源：Google Scholar
1. Akhlaq, M., et al. (2025). "Resilience Assessment of Tomato Crop Chlorophyll Fluorescence Against Water Stress Under Elevated CO2 and Protective Cultivation." Irrigation and Drainage n/a(n/a).
2. Hu, J.-J., et al. (2025). "An integrated multi-omics approach reveals octocrylene disrupts Tetradesmus obliquus growth by triggering a cascade of photosynthetic inhibition and metabolic dysregulation." Journal of hazardous materials 495: 139072.
3. Martinez, M. A., et al. (2025). "Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Oxygen Consumption Rates and Germination of Green Soybean Seeds Produced Under Heat–Drought Stress." Plant Direct 9(8): e70100.
4. Wang, J., et al. (2025). "Integrating Diurnal Physiological and Structural Variations in SIF for Enhanced Daily Drought Detection in Maize." Remote Sensing 17(4): 565.
5. Zhang, C., et al. (2025). "A practical guide to long-term field PAM chlorophyll fluorescence measurements: setup, installation, data processing with R package ‘LongTermPAM’ and interpretation." Photosynthesis Research 163(5): 45.
6. Zhou, R., et al. (2025). "Effects of alternating wet and dry irrigation regimes on rice growth and physiology characteristics in southeast China." Paddy and Water Environment.
7. Hänchen, L., et al. (2024). Establishing the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) as a reliable proxy for Non-Photochemical Quenching (NPQ), Copernicus Meetings.
8. He, H., et al. (2024). "The Process of Winter Reddening Does Not Enhance Cold Resistance in Pinus massoniana Lamb. Seedlings." Forests 15(9): 1527.
9. Jia, J., et al. (2024). "Inorganic carbon utilization strategies of plateau aquatic plants in response to native habitats." Photosynthesis Research.
10. Kubota, M., et al. (2024). "The blue–green light-dependent state transition in the marine phytoplankton Ostreococcus tauri." New Phytologist n/a(n/a).
11. Li, Q., et al. (2024). "Time-course transcriptomic information unravels the mechanisms of improved drought tolerance by drought-priming in wheat." Journal of Integrative Agriculture.
12. Lv, H., et al. (2024). "New insights into colchicine-mediated tetraploidy in Actinidia chinensis ‘Donghong’." The Horticulture Journal: QH-136.
13. Nie, R., et al. (2024). "Response of photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to light quality in Phoebe bournei seedlings." Plant Growth Regulation.
14. Pan, Q., et al. (2024). "Influences of Sprinkler Frost Protection on Air and Soil Temperature and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Tea Plants in Tea Gardens." Agriculture 14(12): 2302.
15. Pierrat, Z. A., et al. (2024). "Seasonal timing of fluorescence and photosynthetic yields at needle and canopy scales in evergreen needleleaf forests." Ecology: e4402.
16. Pierrat, Z. A., et al. (2024). "The biological basis for using optical signals to track evergreen needleleaf photosynthesis." BioScience.
17. Wang, J., et al. (2024). "Integrating Diurnal Physiological and Structural Variations in SIF for Enhanced Daily Drought Detection in Maize." Preprints.
18. Xue, R., et al. (2024). "Evaluating effect of micro-spray on tomatoes for resisting summer heat stress using a Fuzzy Borda combination evaluation model." Environmental and Experimental Botany 218: 105605.
19. Zhang, Q., et al. (2024). "Ammonia removal mitigates white plague type II in the coral Pocillopora damicornis." Marine environmental research 196: 106403.
20. Zhi-hui, H., et al. (2024). "Cluster Analysis of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Vigna unguiculata Varieties under Salt Stress." Seed 43(7): 36-44.
21. 胡志辉, et al. (2024). "豇豆品种在盐胁迫下叶片叶绿素荧光特性聚类分析." 种子 43(7): 36-44.
22. Akhlaq, M., et al. (2023). "Exploring adequate CO2 elevation for optimum tomato growth and yield under protected cultivation." Journal of Plant Physiology: 154093.
23. Brissette, L. E. G., et al. (2023). "Tracking canopy chlorophyll fluorescence with a low-cost LED platform." AoB Plants.
24. Gu, L., et al. (2023). "An exploratory steady-state redox model of photosynthetic linear electron transport for use in complete modeling of photosynthesis for broad applications." Plant, Cell & Environment n/a(n/a).
25. He, H., et al. (2023). "Phenotypic Variations in Banana Cultivars in the Utilization and Tolerance to Different Magnesium Levels." Horticulturae 9(9): 1017.
26. Mao, L., et al. (2023). "Photosynthetic Performance of Tidally Flooded Spartina alterniflora Salt Marshes." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences n/a(n/a): e2022JG007161.
27. Su, S., et al. (2023). "Effects of thinning on the understory light environment of different stands and the photosynthetic performance and growth of the reforestation species Phoebe bournei." Journal of Forestry Research 35(1): 6.
28. Wilson, S., et al. (2023). "Overexpression of LHCSR and PsbS enhance light tolerance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology: 112718.
29. Xiao, F., et al. (2023) Differences in the Growth of Seedlings and the Selection of Fast-Growing Species in the Gleditsia Genus. Forests 14, DOI: 10.3390/f14071464
30. Xiao, F., et al. (2023). "Differences in the Growth of Seedlings and the Selection of Fast-Growing Species in the Gleditsia Genus." Forests 14(7): 1464.
31. Xiao, F., et al. (2023). "The Effects of Homologous and Heterologous Grafting on the Growth of Gleditsia sinensis Scions." Forests 14(9): 1777.
32. Xue, R., et al. (2023). "Evaluating effect of micro-spray on tomatoes for resisting summer heat stress using a Fuzzy Borda combination evaluation model." Environmental and Experimental Botany: 105605.
33. Xue, R., et al. (2023). "Physiological Response of Tomato and Cucumber Plants to Micro-Spray in High-Temperature Environment: A Scientific and Effective Means of Alleviating Crop Heat Stress." Agronomy 13(11): 2798.
34. Yin, S., et al. (2023). "Effect of the Pulsed Addition of Phosphorous on the Growth and Toxin Production of the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Chrysosporum ovalisporum (Forti) Zapomelová et al." Water 15(2): 351.
35. Zeng, D., et al. (2023). "Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated soils by Arundo donax L. enhanced with Earth Total Support (ETS)." Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment 3: 100036.
36. Zhang, C., et al. (2023). "Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter as a predictor of tomato growth and yield under CO2 enrichment in protective cultivation." Agricultural Water Management 284: 108333.
37. Correia, C., et al. (2022). "Red and Blue Light Differently Influence Actinidia chinensis Performance and Its Interaction with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae." International journal of molecular sciences 23(21): 13145.
38. He, H., et al. (2022). "Supplemental Foliar-Applied Magnesium Reverted Photosynthetic Inhibition and Improved Biomass Partitioning in Magnesium-Deficient Banana." Horticulturae 8(11): 1050.
39. Kim, C. and M. W. van Iersel (2022). "Morphological and Physiological Screening to Predict Lettuce Biomass Production in Controlled Environment Agriculture." Remote Sensing 14(2): 316.
40. McNie, A. (2022). The Effect of CO2 Enrichment on the Photochemical Efficiency of the Scleractinian Coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834), Auckland University of Technology.
41. Nayaka, S. and H. Rai (2022). Antarctic Lichen Response to Climate Change: Evidence from Natural Gradients and Temperature Enchantment Experiments: 235-253.
42. Reyes-García, C., et al. (2022). "Weak Crassulacean acid metabolism and other xerophytic adaptive traits in the genus Beaucarnea Lem. (Asparagaceae)." n/a(n/a): e13816.
43. Schwarz, M., et al. (2022). "Seasonal dynamics of active and passive chlorophyll fluorescence in a mountain Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest." EGU General Assembly: EGU22-11439.
44. Stefanni, S., et al. (2022). "Framing Cutting-Edge Integrative Deep-Sea Biodiversity Monitoring via Environmental DNA and Optoacoustic Augmented Infrastructures." Frontiers in Marine Science 8.
45. Wang, H., et al. (2022). "Structure and chlorophyll fluorescence of heteroblastic foliage affect first-year growth in Pinus massoniana Lamb. seedlings." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 170: 206-217.
46. Wu, G., et al. (2022). "Attributing differences of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF)-gross primary production (GPP) relationships between two C4 crops: corn and miscanthus." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 323: 109046.
47. Zhang, D., et al. (2022). "Photosynthetic Properties and Structure of Leaves of Licorice Seedlings in Response to Drought Stress." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 16(2): 294-302.
48. Zhao, X.-L., et al. (2022). "Phytotoxicity of environmental norfloxacin concentrations on the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrrhiza: Evaluation of growth parameters, photosynthetic toxicity and biochemical traits." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 258: 109365.
49. He, W., et al. (2021). "Evaluation of effective quantum yields of photosystem II for CO2 leakage monitoring in carbon capture and storage sites." PeerJ 9: e10652.
50. Kim, J., et al. (2021). "Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence is non-linearly related to canopy photosynthesis in a temperate evergreen needleleaf forest during the fall transition." Remote Sensing of Environment 258: 112362.
51. Li, M., et al. (2021). "Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings." Plants 12(3): 332.
52. Quirós-Vargas, J., et al. (2021). "RESPONSE OF BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) TO ELEVATED [CO2] IN YIELD, BIOMASS AND CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE." IGARSS.
53. Andrzejczak, O. A., et al. (2020). "The Hypoxic Proteome and Metabolome of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with and without Phytoglobin Priming. ." Int. J. Mol. Sci(21): 1546.
54. Casanova-Katny, A. and M. Barták (2020). "Thallus dehydration effects and physiological consequences in Antarctic lichens: Case study from the King George Island, Antarctica." BIOSCIENCES 10(1).
55. Yang, P., et al. (2020). "Unravelling the physical and physiological basis for the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis relationship." Biogeosciences Discuss. 2020: 1-32.
56. Yu, W., et al. (2020). "Crop Photosynthetic Performance Monitoring Based on a Combined System of Measured and Modelled Chloroplast Electron Transport Rate in Greenhouse Tomato." Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 1-15.
57. Zhang, X., et al. (2020). "Photosynthetic Properties of Miscanthus condensatus at Volcanically Devastated Sites on Miyake-jima Island." Plants(9): 1212.
58. Zsom, T., et al. (2020). "Quality maintenance of broccoli by the use of 1-MCP treatments." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences.
59. Campbell, P. K., et al. (2019). "Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in Chlorophyll Fluorescence Associated with Photosynthesis at Leaf and Canopy Scales." Remote Sensing 11(5): 488.
60. Christiane, W. and P. Hardy (2018). "More than just CO2‐recycling: corticular photosynthesis as a mechanism to reduce the risk of an energy crisis induced by low oxygen." New Phytologist 0(0).
61. Han, Y., et al. (2018). "Light Energy Partitioning and Photoprotection in an Exotic Species (Salix Psammophila) Grown in a Semi-Arid Area of Northwestern China." Forests 9(6).
62. Hubbart, S., et al. (2018). "Enhanced thylakoid photoprotection can increase yield and canopy radiation use efficiency in rice." Communications Biology 1(1): 22.
63. Issa, A., et al. (2018). "Impacts of Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) under high temperature." Frontiers in Plant Science 9.
64. Jessica, B. and F. Maoz (2018). "The Red Sea Simulator: A high‐precision climate change mesocosm with automated monitoring for the long‐term study of coral reef organisms." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 0(0).
65. Pu, G., et al. (2018). "Cadmium accumulation and its effects on physiological characteristics of Arundo donax L. in a simulated wetland."
66. Rosado-Calderón, A. T., et al. (2018). "High resilience to extreme climatic changes in the CAM epiphyte Tillandsia utriculata L. (Bromeliaceae)." Physiologia plantarum 0(ja).
67. Wittmann, C. and H. Pfanz (2018). "More than just CO 2‐recycling: corticular photosynthesis as a mechanism to reduce the risk of an energy crisis induced by low oxygen." New Phytologist 219(2): 551-564.
68. Osmond, B., et al. (2017). "Relative functional and optical absorption cross-sections of PSII and other photosynthetic parameters monitored in situ, at a distance with a time resolution of a few seconds, using a prototype light induced fluorescence transient (LIFT) device."
69. Pu, G., et al. (2017). "Effects of Thallium Stress on Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities of Coix Lacryma-jobi."
70. Raggio, J., et al. (2017). "Metabolic activity duration can be effectively predicted from macroclimatic data for biological soil crust habitats across Europe." Geoderma 306: 10-17.
71. Wang, D., et al. (2017). "Combined Application of Natural Sunlight and Hydrogen peroxide on the Removal of Harmful Cyanobacteria."
72. Wyber, R., et al. (2017). "Remote monitoring of dynamic canopy photosynthesis with high time resolution light-induced fluorescence transients." Tree physiology.
73. Zha, T.-S., et al. (2017). "Diurnal response of effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry to irradiance as an indicator of photosynthetic acclimation to stressed environments revealed in a xerophytic species." Ecological Indicators 74: 191-197.
74. ZSOM, T., et al. (2017). "CHILLING INJURY INVESTIGATION BY NON-DESTRUCTIVE MEASURING METHODS DURING BANANA COLD STORAGE."
75. Zha, T.-S., et al. (2017). "Diurnal response of effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry to irradiance as an indicator of photosynthetic acclimation to stressed environments revealed in a xerophytic species." Ecological
76. Meacham, K. G., et al. (2016). "Diurnal solar energy conversion and photoprotection in rice canopies." Plant Physiol.
77. Thum, T., et al. (2016). "Modelling sun-induced fluorescence and photosynthesis with a land surface model at local and regional scales in northern Europe." Biogeosciences Discussions: 1-38.
78. Webster, R. J., et al. (2016). "High C3 photosynthetic capacity and high intrinsic water use efficiency underlies the high productivity of the bioenergy grass Arundo donax." Scientific Reports 6: 20694.
79. Indicators 74: 191-197.
80. Aalto, J., et al. (2015). "Onset of photosynthesis in spring speeds up monoterpene synthesis and leads to emission bursts." Plant, Cell & Environment.
81. Abu-Ghosh, S., et al. (2015). "Flashing light enhancement of photosynthesis and growth occurs when photochemistry and photoprotection are balanced in Dunaliella salina." European Journal of Phycology 50(4): 469-480.
82. Kjær, K. H. and C.-O. Ottosen (2015). "3D laser triangulation, a simple and robust method for automated growth determination of crop plants in challenging environments." Sensors 15: 2.
83. Kjaer, K. H. and C.-O. Ottosen (2015). "3D laser triangulation for plant phenotyping in challenging environments." Sensors 15(6): 13533-13547.
84. Lindfors, L., et al. (2015). "Dynamics of leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and stem diameter changes during freezing and thawing of Scots pine seedlings." Tree physiology 35(12): 1314-1324.
85. Qin, H., et al. (2015). "Differential responses of different phenotypes of Microcystis (Cyanophyceae) to UV-B radiation." Phycologia 54(2): 118-129.
86. Wu, C., et al. (2015). "Chlorophyll fluorescence upper-to-lower-leaf ratio for determination of irrigation time for Pentas lanceolata." Photosynthetica: 1-9.
87. Ikeuchi, M., et al. (2014). "Physiological Functions of PsbS-dependent and-independent NPQ under Naturally Fluctuating Light Conditions." Plant and Cell Physiology: pcu069.
88. Osmond, B. (2014). "Understanding something that is remotely sensible, scaling active chlorophyll fluorescence from leaves to canopies at ranges of~ 50 metres." Tree physiology 34(7): 671-673.
89. Raesch, A. R., et al. (2014). "Field Observations with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Transient (LIFT) Method in Barley and Sugar Beet." Agriculture 4(2): 159-169.
90. Liu, D., et al. (2013). "5-Aminolevulinic acid enhances photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant system in oilseed rape under drought stress." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 35(9): 2747-2759.
91. Figueroa, F. L., et al. (2013). "Use of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence to estimate photosynthetic activity and biomass productivity in microalgae grown in different culture systems." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 41(5): 801-819.
92. Murchie, E. and T. Lawson (2013). "Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis: a guide to good practice and understanding some new applications." Journal of Experimental Botany: ert208.
93. García-Plazaola, J. I., et al. (2012). "Thermal energy dissipation and xanthophyll cycles beyond the Arabidopsis model " Photosynthesis Research: in press.
94. Yatsko, Y. N., et al. (2011). "Violaxanthin cycle pigment de-epoxidation and thermal dissipation of light energy in three boreal species of evergreen conifer plants " Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 58(1): 169-173.
95. Wan, G., et al. (2011). "Calcium invigorates the cadmium-stressed Brassica napus L. plants by strengthening their photosynthetic system " Environmental Science and Pollution Research 18(9): 1478-1486.
96. Porcar-Castell, A. (2011). "A high-resolution portrait of the annual dynamics of photochemical and non-photochemical quenching in needles of Pinus sylvestris." Physiologia plantarum 143(2): 139-153.
97. Manzello, D., et al. (2009). "Remote monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence in two reef corals during the 2005 bleaching event at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas " Coral Reefs 28(1): 209-214.
98. Jankulak, M., et al. (2008). The instrumental architecture of a Coral Reef Early Warning System (CREWS) station. Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium,, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida,.
99. Porcar-Castell, A., et al. (2008). "A new monitoring PAM fluorometer ( MONI-PAM ) to study the short- and long-term acclimation of photosystem II in field conditions " Photosynthesis Research 96(2): 173-179.
100. Hendee, J. C., et al. (2006). Infrastructure and capabilities of a near real-time meteorological and oceanographic in situ instrumented array, and its role in marine environmental decision support. Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Precesses. L. L. Richardson and E. F. LeDrew, Kluwer Academic Publishers: 135-156.
